Visitor Use and Recreational Conflict in the George Washington Memorial Parkway

Authors: Joseph Eitzel, Sammie Powers, Michael Gephart, Maddie Cottrell, Anna Medlin, Chris Zajchowski

Abstract

Recreational conflict is a growing concern in parks experiencing high visitation and diverse user activities. This study examines the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP), a linear urban park in Northern Virginia, to explore the nature and extent of such conflicts. Using thematic analysis of open-ended responses from visitor surveys, the study identifies three primary conflict themes: (1) conflict between user groups, (2) depreciative behaviors versus sustainable use, and (3) social values conflict. These conflicts often arise from mismatched expectations, activity styles, and social norms, exacerbated by the park’s dual role as a recreational space and commuter corridor. Findings suggest that both indirect (education, signage) and direct (zoning, user group engagement) management strategies are needed to reduce conflict and enhance the visitor experience. The study offers practical insights for park managers seeking to balance access, enjoyment, and sustainability in multi-use recreational settings. 

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